The signing of the Good Friday Agreement signaled the death of radical Irish Republicanism. It is important that Marxists in Britain and also further afield, but primarily Republicans in Ireland take stock of the failures of armed Republicanism and draw serious conclusions for the struggle which inevitably lies ahead. Those on the British left who supported the IRA without criticism now are unable to explain how and why the IRA and their political wing, Sinn Féin, are firmly within the enemy camp. As a consequence and despite the denials of those who should perhaps know better, Irish unification is no longer on the agenda.
These difficulties have their origins in class antagonisms. The class to which Irish Republicanism has owed its allegiance never has been the working class. It is only natural that when the armed campaign fails, Republicans will gradually gravitate towards an internal settlement, accommodation and collaboration with imperialism – it is largely within their interests as a class to do so. The only exception of this has been when the Republican Movement, arising out of the failure of the Operation Harvest / Border Campaign (1956-1962) adopted a consistent class programme which was expanded upon at the Wolfe Tone commemoration in Bodenstown in 1966 in an oration which would not be overly revolutionary by today’s standards.
Sinn Féin have now replaced the once dominant Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) as a strong voice for the emergent northern Catholic middle class. The party is playing different tunes for different audiences. In working class areas, party propaganda includes the iconic image of Che Guevara and the militarist image is maintained. In contrast, the party now has branches in affluent areas which largely escaped the consequences of the war, the BT9 post code in Belfast being the most prominent. Far from what is implied, the people on the Malone Road cannot by any stretch of the imagination be described as Republics or Socialists. The increase in mandate and support in these areas for Sinn Féin is purely the selfish economic interest of the Catholic middle class.
This view is reaffirmed by a recent poll which stated, “Perhaps more surprisingly, still, 16 per cent of those surveyed who were Sinn Féin voters said they too would opt for the Province remaining in the UK…” (‘Newsletter’, 8 August) This is hardly surprising and is part of an ever increasing trend.
It is well and good to critisise Sinn Féin but it is well established that Republicanism is now in crisis. There is little coherency, leadership or analysis of what went wrong. Republicans largely explain defeat after defeat as ‘glorious failures’ led by sellouts but as Marxists we must take a different perspective. The organisations which continue to uphold Republicanism, particularly the military organisations find themselves ever more marginalised, ineffective and without clarity. Recently they have became more active with attacks on police offices but these have largely been met with a muted response from those within the nationalist community who would have supported attacks at one time.
The majority of the working class genuinely believe these actions belong to a by-gone day – it is unfortunate that this is the case but it’s the nature of the extraction of super profits from the third world and the ever growing labour aristocracy in northern Ireland. The appetite which existed for armed struggle in the 1970s and early 1980s no longer exists and indeed, the reasons for armed struggle, it could be argued, no longer exist. Another generation of armed Republicans are prepared to risk their lives in pursuit of an armed campaign, despite the fact that a huge vacuum exists within the nationalist community for a political alternative to the collaborator politics of Sinn Féin and the SDLP.
The tactics of militant Irish Republicanism have been an absolute and dismal failure. Since 1798 they have failed to deliver their intended goals. Re-thinks have already happened, particularly in the 1930s with the Republican Congress and in the 1960s with the swing to the left but these events have largely been marginal. The Official Republican Movement, for example, alienated the working class from their position on the armed struggle, the national question and other matters of extreme importance by in part using extreme and exaggerated language. Contrary to what the Officials argued, the Provisionals were not “a haven for sectarian gunmen” but were a genuine expression of nationalist discontent.
The agreement is a programme of the British ruling class which has been used to their benefit. It was the final nail in the coffin in pacifying the national liberation movement – it is well and truly dead. It is not surprising, for this reason that the agreement is being exported to Iraq and the Basque Country by the British government with the active support of Sinn Féin including a delegation to Iraq led by Martin McGuinness who said -
“I also want to applaud the courage and leadership shown by these Iraqi politicians. I think something very important, something very powerful is beginning to happen.” (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7489785.stm)
Surely if the Good Friday Agreement is a guarantee of Irish unity and Sinn Féin entered the talks and Stormont from a “position of strength” then it would not be required for them to export the weapons of defeat and surrender to other national liberation struggles. It would be up to Anglo-American imperialism to quash national liberation struggles themselves.
The image the Provos project and the reality is quite detached. Sinn Féin have not entered the new Stormont administration from a position of strength but rather a defeat. It would be very easy to believe that Sinn Féin are calling the shots in Stormont but the DUP well and truly are in control. Sinn Féin have been humiliated into supporting the PSNI, decommissioning IRA weapons and adopting a series of positions which just a few years ago would’ve caused uproar. All we have seen thus far of the position of strength has been blunt threats from Adams and company which haven’t came to fruition.
The failure to adopt a class programme dictates that once the national question has been subsided that there is no other option than collaboration. If the case was otherwise, Sinn Féin could’ve went into retreat and and formed a principled opposition to Stormont and British rule based on the mobilisation of the working class but this wasn’t an option. Sinn Féin had no need for a mass movement beyond a reverse of support for the armed campaign.
Some foreigners visiting Ireland with a bit of political clout find it difficult to understand why the Good Friday Agreement has many supporters across the political spectrum. They ask how is it possible that it guarantees two distinct goals which both the Unionists and Nationalists claim strengthens their position on the national question. The Good Friday Agreement has given the northern statelet a credibility it never once had. The state has been reformed but the fundamentals remain – we are still under British rule, Protestants are still the labour aristocracy (although not to the degree which existed before) and the police are still arresting and harassing Republican activists.
Republicanism, if it is to survive or emerge from this crisis with a solid base will need to embark upon a radicalisation process that will see the Republican Movement turn to its roots as an organisation – based upon the solid foundations of the Irish working class. The people, James Connolly described as the incorruptible inheritors of the fight for Irish freedom. This will not be without hitch or difficulty, after all, modern Republicanism is the product of a militant tradition that was steeped in conspiracy and forged in arms in 1798 – to this day, politics remains something ‘below’ the Volunteer in the armed organisation. There is no political cohesion or ideological clarity, the common factor for the existence of the political organisation remains support for and centered around, above all, the armed organisation. This is the source of many problems within the Republican Movements and until such a time where the primary contradiction between party and army are resolved, Republicanism will remain unchanged.